A cartilaginous structure connecting the stapes to the tympanic membrane in birds and reptiles
Abbreviations: ac, anterior crus; dp, dorsal process; htp, hypothetical tympanic process or ossified extrastapes, interpreted here as an artefact due to deformation; pc, posterior crus; qc, quadrate contact area; stf; stapedial foramen; stfp, stapedial footplate.
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