Noun
An act of retaliation; a counterattack.
Any action in opposition to a previous action.
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More examples (1)
On the other hand, it can be observed that, with small exceptions, the S. pneumonia strains are the only Streptococci equipped with homospermidine biosynthesis and pyruvate oxidation pathways, which have been found to be involved in pathogenicity mechanisms [50 ] and in the counteraction of oxidative stress [51 ].
Noun
action intended to nullify the effects of some previous action
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