evolution — Từ điển tiếng Anh

Danh từ

1. A change of position. A manoeuvre of troops or ships.

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   Mean while, he never failed to be present, when any regiment, or corps of men, were drawn out to be exercised and reviewed, and accompanied them in all their evolutions […].

   Major Holroyd, who acted as the General, was extremely polite, and attentive, and came to us between every evolution, to explain and talk over the manoeuvres.

2. A change of position. A turning movement, especially of the body.

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   Our necromancer […] taking up his wand, waved it around his head in a very mysterious motion, with a view of intimidating these forward visitants, who, far from being awed by this sort of evolution, became more and more obstreperous […].

   It was a critical instant: the pirouette -- it would fail, she feared. … the rapid whirl achieved in exact time, the whole evolution executed to perfection.

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   … as he beheld the tenfold pirouette of a lovely girl, which presented to the public eye the whole of her form and figure; … to praise the dexterity and ease with which the unfortunate and degraded creature had performed the ungraceful evolution, the only merit of which, is the gross exposition of person, at which modesty shudders […]

   "Look now, that pirouette -- my stars! how Beauchamp would stare to see his darling perform such an evolution!"

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   By this operation each foot will describe an arc or segment of a circle. … This evolution is performed sometimes on one foot, sometimes on the other …

3. A change of position. A turned or twisted shape; an involution, a complex or intricate shape.

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   ‘It is not in the showy evolutions of buildings, but in the multiplicity of human habitations which are crouded together, that the wonderful immensity of London consists.’

4. An unfolding. The act or process of unfolding or opening out; the progression of events in regular succession.

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   The world […] might have been gradually produced from very small beginnings […] rather than by a sudden evolution of the whole by the Almighty fiat.

5. An unfolding. The opening out of a curve; now more generally, the gradual transformation of a curve by a change of the conditions generating it.

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6. An unfolding. The extraction of a root from a given power.

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7. An unfolding. The act or an instance of giving off gas; emission.

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   Allantoxaidin is decomposed on heating, with evolution of ammonia and cyanic acid.

8. Process of development. Development; the act or result of developing what was implicit in an idea, argument etc.

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   The ongoing evolution of Lolita subculture fashion includes, among other things, the ballet style.

   Suffering has a noble purpose: the evolution of consciousness and the burning up of the ego.

9. Process of development. A process of gradual change in a given system, subject, product etc., especially from simpler to more complex forms.

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   Among other forms of change, the evolution of transportation has involved modification, diversification, convergence, divergence, hybridization, differentiation, and naturally, selection.

   By some paradoxical evolution rancour and intolerance have been established in the vanguard of primitive Christianity. Mrs. Spoker, in common with many of the stricter disciples of righteousness, was as inclement in demeanour as she was cadaverous in aspect.

   There are some examples of cultural evolution in birds and monkeys, but […] it is our own species that really shows what cultural evolution can do.

10. Process of development. The transformation of animals, plants and other living things into different forms (now understood as a change in genetic composition) by the accumulation of changes over successive generations.

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    […]and thus he [Lamarck] was inclined to assert the priority of the types of marine animals to those of the terrestrial, and to fancy, for example, that the testacea of the ocean existed first, until some of them, by gradual evolution, were improved into those inhabiting the land.

    [Some books have] made the erroneous assumption that the important thing in evolution is the good of the species (or the group) rather than the good of the individual (or the gene).

    Many genes with reproductive roles also have antibacterial and immune functions, which indicate that the threat of microbial attack on the sperm or egg may be a major influence on rapid evolution during reproduction.

Danh từ

1. a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

   Từ đồng nghĩa

   development

   Từ trái nghĩa

   devolution

   Từ có nghĩa rộng hơn

   processphysical process

   Ví dụ

   the development of his ideas took many years

   the evolution of Greek civilization

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   the slow development of her skill as a writer

2. (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms

   Từ đồng nghĩa

   organic evolutionphylogenyphylogenesis

   Từ có nghĩa rộng hơn

   organic processbiological process